The purpose of this course is to equip learners with a comprehensive understanding of sensor design, fabrication, performance characteristics, and applications across various fields and industries

1. Explain sensor designs and fabrication methods for specific applications and environments.
   
2. Examine applications of sensors in various fields and industries.
   
3. Design and implement a basic sensor-actuator-controller system utilizing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) protocols.
   
4. Evaluate and justify the selection of sensors based on performance specifications and application requirements in given industrial scenarios.

• Fundamentals of Sensors:
  This topic introduces the principles of sensor operation and instrumentation systems. It covers sensor classifications such as resistive, capacitive, inductive, optical, and piezoelectric sensors, together with their fabrication materials and performance characteristics.
  
• Design and Fabrication of Sensors:
  This section explains the design considerations and manufacturing techniques used in sensor development. It also discusses sensor packaging, testing, quality control, and practical examples of sensor fabrication.
  
• Applications of Sensors: Sensors are applied in automotive, aerospace, biomedical, environmental, smart city, and consumer electronic systems. The topic highlights real-world applications such as temperature sensing, pollution monitoring, motion detection, and healthcare monitoring.
• Process Instrumentation:This topic introduces industrial process instrumentation systems and their main components, including sensors, controllers, transmitters, and actuators. It also explores measurement and control techniques together with the integration of sensors into IoT systems.
• Sensor Selection, Calibration, and Data Acquisition: This section focuses on selecting sensors based on performance, environmental conditions, and cost considerations. It also covers calibration techniques, data acquisition systems, signal conditioning, and communication protocols such as I2C, SPI, and UART.
  
• Emerging Trends and Applications:
  This topic examines modern developments in sensor technology, including MEMS sensors, wireless sensors, wearable devices, and IoT-enabled systems. It also introduces sensor fusion techniques and advanced research applications in instrumentation.
• Project Work and Case Studies:
  Students participate in projects involving sensor design, implementation, or application in specific engineering fields. The topic also includes case studies, project presentations, and discussions on practical findings and lessons learned.